The enigmatic interaction between national economic policies, national and international legal frameworks, and the necessity to hold all actors accountable to climate change in order to establish sustainable development agendas is critically reviewed in this paper. It also explores the natural dissonances and synergistic possibilities of environmental mandate integration into conventional economic paradigms or models especially in the various geopolitical settings. The paper aims at finding the common legal issues that affect the successful application of sustainable economic policies, taking into account the peculiarities of both developed and developing countries and their potential. It discusses the role of divergent understanding of sustainable development which covers economic, human rights and environmental pillars and presents an obstacle to a cohesive policy. Moreover, the historical gap in contribution to greenhouse gas emissions contributes considerably to signification of negotiations fashioned between the Global North and South and makes the search of globalizing mechanisms of climate responsibility difficult to establish. The barriers to information that are helping to deepen this divergence include the impossibility of assigning responsibility to the state when transboundary environmental harm has occurred, which requires expert evaluation of the anthropogenic damages caused by greenhouse gas emissions, and varied routes of both exposure and vulnerability. The lack of globally binding obligations on sustainable development adds some more complexity to the formulation of the detailed modalities of its realization concerning climate action. In this review paper, the effectiveness of the existing legal and policy tools to promote climate accountability and sustainable development as part of economic systems will be assessed, with a specific focus on the issues of the inability to resolve a dispute through the existing methods and the inefficacy of enforcing environmentalization.