Competency-based accounting education (CBAE) has emerged globally as a transformative approach to align accounting curricula with professional practice, stakeholder expectations, and evolving market demands. Unlike traditional content-centric models, CBAE emphasizes demonstrable competencies—integrating knowledge, skills, professional judgment, ethics, and attitudes—that graduates must exhibit in real-world contexts. This review article synthesizes global literature, professional education standards, accreditation expectations, and institutional practices related to competency-based accounting education. It examines dominant competency frameworks, pedagogical and assessment innovations, assurance of learning mechanisms, and challenges in implementation across regions. The paper proposes an integrative global CBAE model and highlights emerging competencies related to digitalization, sustainability, and ethical accountability. By consolidating global best practices and empirical insights, this review provides actionable guidance for educators, curriculum designers, regulators, and accreditation bodies seeking to strengthen accounting education outcomes..